Concrete building construction



J. WINSTQN Filed June 25, 1927 CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN V EN TOR.

ATTORNEY Jan. 1, 1929.

J. WINSTON CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AeeQ-Sheet 2 Z@ 4: 75 24 1/ z; I

ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 1, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT O FF l JOSEPH WINSTON, "OF :NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR,.BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO THE'STONE CORPORATION, A-CORPOBATION OF DELAWARE.

CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed June 25, 1927. 'Seria1.No.'201,304.

This invention relates to building construction and my improvementsare directed to certain novel formations, reinforcement, and interconnections of monolithicelements employed by me in the production of a concrete building, for the economical erection thereof with a minimum amount of labor. While aware that others before mehavecontributed to the art of concrete building construction,the innovations comprised in this application have been devised for the purpose of simplifying the form of the individual structural elements used, besides adapting them to be conveniently and expeditiously assembled, and further in connecting and securing said elements together in such manner that they may unitedly constitute a homogeneous fabrication, possessing the characteristics of great strength anddurability.

Other features and advantages of'my invention will hereinafter appear.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a front-elevationshowing some of my improved monolithic elements in assembled relation, the stucco surfacing thereon being partly broken away.

Fig. 2 is a rear View thereof, showing the rods, compression members and flooring supports carried by said compression members.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged horizontal section taken on the line'33 of Fig. 2, this view also illustrating the dove-tail grooving established between adjacent flange edges of monolithic elements, with the stucco bonding therein; the metallic reinforcement; thenailing strips for lathing on the webs of the monolithic elements, and the anchorage means therefor.

Fig. 4 is a perspective elevation of one of my improved monolithic elements.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged partial view of a monolithic element taken on the line 55 of Fig. 2 showing a compression member and a flooring beam or joist secured thereon.

Fig. 6 is a similar view showing a modification wherein a horizontally disposed monolithic element is supported on the compression members with its flanged portion uppermost and providedthereon'withanaillng strip for the flooring.

Fig. 7 is asection'on the line 7-7 of Fig.6.

Fig. 8 is a horizontal section ta'ken through wall exterior, to which stucco '5 or othersuitable covering material may be applied, and the monolithic elements are placed side by side with their adjacent flange-edges in abutting relation.

The'monolitliic-elements can "be of sufficient length to extend to the'heightof one or more stories of the-building, whose walls, thus constituted, are a suitably provided with metallic reinforcement, and when placed in position said monolithic elements;are'tied'togetherby suitable initial connecting-means.

In considering the production of .the'mono lithic elements, which are conveniently formed by moulding in wooden "moulds -or otherwise, it will be noted from the example thereof shown by Fig. 4: that metallic mesh reinforcement 6 is embedded in the "flange portions 2, 8 and that metallic mesh :reinforcement 7, is embedded '"in the web portion 4,the meshingsfi and 7 being connectedyallso material serving as the wall covering. The

grooves are so formed-that they have a base 8 parallel with the flange surfaces and an angular undercut side 9,so that a groove in one flange may co-act with a similar groove at the opposed fiange edge of an adjacent monolithic element, to thus provide a donetail recess for the reception of'the stucco or.

ly filled into said'dove-tail recesses the joint 10 thereby becomes embedded in said material, thus serving the twofold purpose of cementing the mesh engagement, and in-- creasing the strength of the bond between adjacent monolithic elements. 7

Also in Fig. 3 it will be seen that the meshings 6 and 7 are interconnected at 11 to unify the metallic reinforcement throughout the flanges and web of each monolithic element.

Asv further 'means of strengthening the web portions 4 of the monolithic elements a metallic rod 12 is embedded lengthwise in each web, preferably beingpositioned near the outer edge thereof, where said rod most suit- ,ablyserves to strengthen the web and act as a braced connection for r the free edge of meshing 7, whose strands are engaged therewith. WValls composed of the monolithic elements aforesaid, having as stated their outer surfaces provided by the flanges 2, 3 are given support for their interior finish of lath and plaster by the webs 4, whose free ends have nailing strips 13 attached thereto- As convenient means for such attachment the nailing strips are penetrated with nails 14 that project a suitable distance beyond the surfaces or said strips which are opposed to the-webs, sa1d nails having their ends bent into a hook-like.formatlon and being em- ';bedded in the material of the Web in the operation of moulding the monolithic elements. In this manner thenailing strips become securely anchored to the webs. V

For the purpose of rigidly connecting toether all the monolithic elements constitutelements are all penetrated by stout tie rods 15,-which'latter (see Fig. 8) are curved at the building corners to engage the webs of -.monolithic elements disposed in right angular relation to provide said corners. The tie rods 15 occur in horizontal planes and extend between the webs 4 where compression members 16 of concrete are provided, said tie rods serving as metallic cores for said members, which latter are produced by moulding insuitable forms, after erection of 7 the monolithic elements.

Inspection of Fig. 3 will show that the "compression members are moulded against the inner surfaces of flanges 2, 3 and against opposed surfaces of succeeding webs 4, whose intervening spaces they bridge, thereby constituting powerful bracing means for the ingthe walls of a building the webs 4 of said wall construction. Further said compression members fulfill another important function in that they comprise sturdy supporting seats, or bearings for the flooring beams or joists 17, which latter are superimposed thereon.

This feature of my invention wherein the metallic tie-rod-cored compression inembers included in the homogeneous wall fabrication described serve to support the flooring joists is regarded by me as'of particular importance both on account of the strong structural arrangement involved, and the elimination of adjuncts which heretofore have required the employment ofcostly labor.

In Figs. 2, 3 and 5 the joists 17 are shown as secured to the compression members by means of angle plates 18, anchorage bolts 19 fastening one flange of a plate 18 to a compression member and a joist being attached to the other flange by screws 20.

In Fig. 5 flooring 21 is shown supported by a oist 17. v

A modification appears in Figs. 6 and 7 wherein one of the monolithic elements is disposed horizontally to take the place of a floor joist. In this relation the flange portions 2, 8 are uppermost and provided with a nailing strip 22 for flooring (not shown), while the lower edge of web 4 is supported upon compression members 16, of which one example only is illustrated in these fragmentary Views. Also in this modification the angle plates 18 connect the web 4 to its supporting compression member by a pin 23 that extends through said web and the flange of an angle plate lying thereagainst, the joint thus created being embedded in a mass 24 7 of concrete moulded thereover and upon the compression member. The strengthening rod 12 lying in web 4 in this example has one end 12" bent around the pin 23 within mass 24. The example of Fig. 8 is intended to represent the means whereby' adjacent monolithic elements are related right-angularly 'for the formation of a building corner, and

to showhow the tie rods connect said elemerits. Thus, as will appear, the flanges 2 I and 3 of adjacent monolithic elements are placed in contacting right-angular relation while their respective webs 4, 4 approach each other in similar relation, thereby forming a rectangular enclosure. A tie rod 15 that connec-ts these angularly'relates webs 4, 4 and the adjacentcompression members 16, 16 is embedded in a mass 48 of concrete that is moulded within the rectangular space aforesaid,

thereby adding substantial strength and rigidity to'the building corners.

It will be noted in Fig. 4 that the flange portions 2 and 3 of the monolithic element are pierced transversely with apertures 49.- These apertures, which occur in like planes in 7 elements placed together for a wall formation, are intended for the initial tying tolit) gether of said elements by wires passed therethrough before bonding by the outside plastic material which is applied to the dove-tail recesses intermediate adjacent flange edges.

In Fig. 4 I have shown a portion of a foundation channel or trough 1 into which the lowerends of the monolithic elements are fitted in the erection of a wall composed of said elements.

It will be noted that a recess 7 9 is formed at the lower end of web 4, to reduce its width, and as thus reduced the transverse width of the element from said recess to the outer surface of the flange portions 2, 3 permits said element to fit snugly within channel 1. The shoulder of recess 7 9 lies against the top of channel 1 when the monolithic element isv seated upon the trough base, and the element by these means is held upright during the process of binding the assembled monolithic elements together in Wall fabrication.

It is of course to be understood that a cap member such as that indicated at 81 in Fig. 4 can be put in place upon the upper ends of the monolithic elements, and that the building roof will be supported thereon.

Variations within the spirit and scope of my invention are equally comprehended by the foregoing disclosure.

I claim:

1. A building wall composed of monolithic elements in spaced relation, succeeding elements being separated by an interspace, and reinforce meshing embedded in said elements, the respective meshings extending out into the interspace and interengaging.

2. A building wall composed of monolithic elements in spaced relation, succeeding elements being separated by an interspace, reinforce meshing embedded in said elements, the respective meshings extending out into the interspace and interengaging, and bonding plastic material filling said interspace.

A building Wall composed of monolithic elements each including flange portions, succeeding elements having their adj acentflange portions separated by an interspace, reinforce meshing imbedded in said flange portions, the respective meshings extending-out into the inter-space and interengaging.

4. A building Wall composed of monolithic elements each including flange portions, succeeding elements having their adjacent flange portions separated by an interspace, reinforce meshing embedded in said flange portions, the respective meshings extending out into the interspace and interengaging, and bonding plastic material filling said interspace.

5. A building wall composed of monolithic elements each including opposite flange por tions and an intermediate web portion, the side edges of said flange portions having grooves formed therein, the grooves in juxtaposed flange portions of adjacent elements constituting dove-tail recesses, reinforce meshings' embedded in-sald flange portions,

the respective meshings extending out into tions and an intermediate web portion, said flange portions intended for wall exterior finish support, reinforce meshing in saidelement and a nailing strip anchored to the inwardly presented end of said web portions, with its anchorage engaging said meshing to carry the wall interior finish.

8. The combination in building construction of monolithic elements each having flange portions and an intermediate web portion, the flange portions of adjacent elements having side abutting relation, horizontal concrete compression members between the web portions of succeeding elements, and metallic reinforcement uniting said compression members and web portions.

9. The combination in building construe tion of monolithic elements each having flange portions and an intermediate web portion, the flange portions of adjacent elements having side abutting relation, to constitute a Wall, a tie rod extended through said web portions, and horizontal concrete compression members moulded about said tie rod between the web portions of succeeding elements.

10. The combination in building construction of monolithic elements each having flange portions and an intermediate web por tion, the flange portions of adjacent elements having side abutting relation, horizontal concrete compression members moulded between the web portions of succeeding elements, metallic reinforcement uniting said compression members and web portions and j oists, supported on said compression members.

11. A building wall composed of monolithic elements having flanges and a web, the flanges each provided near their edges with transverse apertures for the reception of tie strands, whereby adjacent elements may be curved through said enclosure, connecting the lower ends of said elements, said Web said Webs, and a concrete mass moulded in portions being recessed at their lower ends to said enclosureabout said tie rod. provide a shoulder that contacts with the 10 13. A. bnilding'whose walls are formed of channel top. v r 5 monolithic elements, each composed of flange New York, June 17th, 1927.

portions and an intermediate Web'portion and I e a foundation: channel to supportingly receive JOSEPH WINSTON. 

